H-1B Visa
Cheng Zeng, Wenyu Zeng, Chao Zhou, Spencer Stucky
10/14/2019
How have U.S. H1b visa acceptances and denials changed over the course of 2015-2019?1a) How does industry effect H1b visas from the time spanning 2015-2019?
Chapter 1: Introduction
H-1B visa is a type of non-immigrate visa of United States that under the Immigration and Nationality Act since 1952. This visa allows foreign workers (individual) to enter United Stated to temporarily be employed by U.S. employers in specialty occupations. (Path2usa) With the development of the world, more and more people are looking for opportunities in U.S. Therefore, the number of applications for H-1B are rising every year. Each year, the total number of H-1B petitions that U.S. congress allowed to approve for a fiscal year is 65,000 for regular cap and 20,000 master’s exemption. (USCIS) According to the summary of USCIS H-1B 2019, there are more than 190,000 applications were submitted and 94,213 for regular quota and 95,885 for master quota. (USCIS) However, after Donald Trump become president, he signed the “Buy American, Hire American” executive order in April 2017. (USCIS) Though, this order helps U.S. employers hire most-skills foreign employees, the approval of this visa became harder and harder.
Nonetheless, politics is not the only factor that affects H-1B’s approval rate, but industries and location are also impact it. In this report, we will focus on the relationship in ______________________________________________.
Chapter 2: Description of Data
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## 'data.frame': 610105 obs. of 11 variables:
## $ Fiscal.Year : int 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 ...
## $ Employer : Factor w/ 280221 levels ""," UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS DARTMOUTH",..: 104020 157432 25991 86231 6694 124883 31516 196555 21303 544 ...
## $ Initial.Approvals : int 1 3 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 9 ...
## $ Initial.Denials : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 ...
## $ Continuing.Approvals: int 0 1 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 12 ...
## $ Continuing.Denials : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 ...
## $ NAICS : int 53 54 99 61 48 54 48 61 54 54 ...
## $ State : Factor w/ 60 levels "","\004","AE",..: 14 39 39 42 39 39 39 39 39 39 ...
## $ City : Factor w/ 8772 levels "",".DURHAM","AABBOTT PARK",..: 4748 2062 929 5309 2310 2183 6497 6253 8419 7224 ...
## $ ZIP : int 33156 8816 7828 10016 7632 8837 7657 8540 8618 8873 ...
## $ Presidency : Factor w/ 2 levels "Obama","Trump": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...xxxxxxx
Chapter 3: Industries Factor
3.1: Industries vs NAICS
3.1.1: Initial Application
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3.2: Industries vs NAICS by Year
3.2.1: Initial Application
3.2.2: Continuing Application
#install.packages("plotly")
library(plotly)##
## Attaching package: 'plotly'## The following object is masked from 'package:ggplot2':
##
## last_plot## The following object is masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter## The following object is masked from 'package:graphics':
##
## layoutplot_ly(initialbyyear, x = ~iaccptperc, y = ~Fiscal.Year, z = ~naics, type = 'scatter3d', mode = 'lines', color = ~naics) %>%
add_markers() %>%
layout(scene = list(xaxis = list(title = '%'),
yaxis = list(title = 'YEAR'),
zaxis = list(title = 'naics')))## Warning in RColorBrewer::brewer.pal(N, "Set2"): n too large, allowed maximum for palette Set2 is 8
## Returning the palette you asked for with that many colors
## Warning in RColorBrewer::brewer.pal(N, "Set2"): n too large, allowed maximum for palette Set2 is 8
## Returning the palette you asked for with that many colors# Create a shareable link to your chart
# Set up API credentials: https://plot.ly/r/getting-started
#chart_link = api_create(p, filename="scatter3d-basic")
#chart_link3.2.2: Continuing Application
Citation
What is H1B Visa? (n.d.). Retrieved October 14, 2019, from https://www.path2usa.com/what-is-h1b-visa.
USCIS Reaches FY 2019 H-1B Cap. (2018, April 6). Retrieved October 14, 2019, from https://www.uscis.gov/news/alerts/uscis-reaches-fy-2019-h-1b-cap.
Buy American and Hire American. (2019, April 26). Retrieved October 14, 2019, from https://www.uscis.gov/legal-resources/buy-american-hire-american-putting-american-workers-first.
Search NAICS Codes by Industry. (n.d.). Retrieved October 15, 2019, from https://www.naics.com/search-naics-codes-by-industry/.